PBDB Collection

Cethana Dam (Oligocene of Australia)

Where: Tasmania, Australia (41.5° S, 146.1° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 55.8° S, 157.9° E (Wright 2013)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Proteacidites tuberculatus pollen zone, Early/Lower Oligocene (33.9 - 28.4 Ma)

• According to Macphail (pers. comm.) the age of the flora is between Early Eocene and uppermost Oligocene (Hill, 1984).

•Further palynological assessment suggests that the flora is likely to be in the Late Eocene to Oligocene range based on the high proportion of Nothofagus brassii-type and Phyllocladidites mawsonii pollen (Carpenter & Hill, 1988).

•The palynoflora has been assigned to the early Oligocene by Macphail et al. 1994. The presence of Cyatheacidites annulatus provides a confident Proteacidites tuberculatus Zone (Stover and Partridge 1973) maximum age, but the upper age limits are less certain owing to possible diachronism in the times of extinction of accessory species such as Beaupreadites verrucosus, Granodiporites nebulosus and Triporopollenites ambiguus. (Hill et al. 2008)

Environment/lithology: lagoonal; tabular, brown, gray, yellow siltstone and quartzose sandstone

• The fine laminated siltstone with terrestrial plant fragments indicates a low energy depositional environment such as a lake centre. The sand layers may indicate fluctuating stream inflow on the lake edges.

•The Cethana deposit had an Early Oligocene altitude of about 300 m. It formed at a time for which there is evidence of regional glacial activity (Macphail et al. 1993), in Carpenter & Jordan, 1997.

• The deposit unconformably overlies folded quartzose arenaceous (Moina Sandstone) meta-sediments. The fossiliferous rock is a creamy-yellow to light brown-grey laminated siltstone with alternations of thin sand layers. Fossils from Hill & Carpenter, 1988 were recovered from mudstone of the same locality.

Size classes: macrofossils, microfossils

Preservation: mold/impression, adpression

Collection methods: chemical, hydroflouric

Primary reference: R. S. Hill. 1984. Tertiary Nothofagus macrofossils from Cethana, Tasmania. Alcheringa 8(1):81-86 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cardenas ]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 166832: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Andrés Cárdenas on 28.02.2015, edited by Carlos Jaramillo

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Trilete "spore spp."¹, Sticherus sp.¹, ? Daviesia sp.¹ Trilete "spore spp."¹ Sticherus sp.¹ Specimens examined. C-253, 593, 637. ? Daviesia sp.¹ Specimen examined. C-464, 618.
Cycadopites
-	Cycadopites sp.¹ Cycadopites sp.¹ Wodehouse 1933
Cycadopsida
Cycadales - Zamiaceae	Pterostoma aff. anastomosans¹, Macrozamia australis¹ Pterostoma aff. anastomosans¹ Hill 1980 cycads Specimens examined. C-483. Macrozamia australis¹ cycads Specimens examined. C-532, 651, 652.
Bryopsida
-	Stereisporites sp.¹ Stereisporites sp.¹ Pflug 1953
Lycopodiopsida
Selaginellales - Selaginellaceae	Herkosporites elliotii¹ Herkosporites elliotii¹ spikemoss
Lycopodiales - Lycopodiaceae	Latrobosporites crassus¹, Lycopodiumsporites sp.¹ Latrobosporites crassus¹ Harris 1981 clubmoss Lycopodiumsporites sp.¹ Delcourt and Sprumont 1955 clubmoss
Lycopodiales -	Retitriletes austroclavatidites¹ Retitriletes austroclavatidites¹ Döring et al. 1963 clubmoss
Polypodiopsida
- Dicksoniaceae	Cyatheacidites annulatus¹, Trilites tuberculiformis¹ Cyatheacidites annulatus¹ Cookson 1947 Trilites tuberculiformis¹ Cookson 1947
- Polypodiaceae	Verrucatosporites attinatus¹, Laevigatosporites ovatus¹ Verrucatosporites attinatus¹ Laevigatosporites ovatus¹ Wilson and Webster 1946
- Gleicheniaceae	Gleichenia sp.¹, Gleicheniidites circiniidites¹ Gleichenia sp.¹ Smith 1793 Specimens examined. C-048, 099. Gleicheniidites circiniidites¹
Gleicheniales - Polypodiidae	Dictyophyllidites arcuatus¹ Dictyophyllidites arcuatus¹ Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984
Schizaeales - Polypodiidae	Schizaea sp.¹, Lygodium sp.¹, Lygodium dinmorphyllum⁹ Schizaea sp.¹ Smith 1793 Specimen examined. C-071. Lygodium sp.¹ Swartz 1800 climbing fern Specimens examined. C-232, 661. Lygodium dinmorphyllum⁹ Churchill 1969 climbing fern
Cyatheales - Polypodiidae	? Cyatheaceae indet.¹ ? Cyatheaceae indet.¹ Kaulfuss 1827 scaly tree fern Specimens examined. C-255, 446.
-	Verrucosisporites aff. cristatus¹ Verrucosisporites aff. cristatus¹
- Blechnaceae	? Blechnum sp.¹, Peromonolites vellosus¹ ? Blechnum sp.¹ Linnaeus 1753 Specimens examined. C-083, 420, 530, 531. Peromonolites vellosus¹ Partridge 1973
Pteridopsida
Psilotales - Ophioglossidae	Tmesipteris tasmanica¹ Tmesipteris tasmanica¹ Specimen examined. C-204.
-	cf. Ischyosporites irregularis¹, Matonisporites ornamentalis¹, Cyathidites paleospora¹, Cyathidites australis¹, Cyathidites minor¹ cf. Ischyosporites irregularis¹ Sah and Jain 1965 Matonisporites ornamentalis¹ Partridge 1973 Cyathidites paleospora¹ Alley and Broadbridge 1992 Cyathidites australis¹ Couper 1953 Cyathidites minor¹ Couper 1953
Lycopsida
-	Foveotriletes balteus¹, Foveotriletes palaequetrus¹ Foveotriletes balteus¹ Foveotriletes palaequetrus¹ Partridge 1973
Equisetopsida
Pinidae - Pinidae	Araucaria "sp. 1"¹, Agathis "sp. 3"¹, Agathis "sp. 2"¹, Agathis "sp. 1"¹, Agathis sp.¹, Agathis spp.⁷, Agathis vittatus⁷, Agathis brevigongylodes⁷, Araucariacites australis¹ Araucaria "sp. 1"¹ de Jussieu 1789 Specimens examined. C-021, 546, 632, 642, 643. Agathis "sp. 3"¹ Salisbury 1807 Specimen examined. C-534. Agathis "sp. 2"¹ Salisbury 1807 Specimen examined. C-489. Agathis "sp. 1"¹ Salisbury 1807 Specimen examined. C-478. Agathis sp.¹ Salisbury 1807 Specimens examined. C-223, 441, 529. Agathis spp.⁷ Salisbury 1807 In addition to leaves, cone scales also occur here. Agathis vittatus⁷ Hill et al. 2008 Agathis brevigongylodes⁷ Hill et al. 2008 Araucariacites australis¹ Cookson 1947
Magnoliopsida
-	Tricolporites spp.¹, Tricolporites cf. angurium¹, Malvacipollis duratus¹, Malvacipollis subtilis¹, Haloragacidites harrisii¹, Periporopollenites polyoratus¹, Periporopollenites demarcatus¹, Periporopollenites vesicus¹ Tricolporites spp.¹ Cookson 1947 Tricolporites cf. angurium¹ Malvacipollis duratus¹ n. sp. Malvacipollis subtilis¹ Stover 1973 Haloragacidites harrisii¹ Mildenhall and Harris 1971 Periporopollenites polyoratus¹ Periporopollenites demarcatus¹ Stover 1973 Periporopollenites vesicus¹ Partridge 1973
Angiospermae
Malvales - Sterculiaceae	aff. Brachychiton sp.¹ aff. Brachychiton sp.¹ Schott and Endlicher 1832 Specimen examined. C-648.
Oxalidales - Cunoniaceae	Acsmithia grandiflora n. sp.², Weinmanniaphyllum bernardii n. gen. n. sp.², Callicoma serratifolia², Schizomeria tasmaniensis n. sp.², Vesselowskya aff. ruinfolia² Acsmithia grandiflora n. sp.² Carpenter and Buchanan 1993 Weinmanniaphyllum bernardii n. gen. n. sp.² Carpenter and Buchanan 1993 Callicoma serratifolia² Andrews 1809 Schizomeria tasmaniensis n. sp.² Carpenter and Buchanan 1993 Vesselowskya aff. ruinfolia²
Oxalidales - Elaeocarpaceae	aff. Elaeocarpus sp.¹ aff. Elaeocarpus sp.¹ Linnaeus 1753 Specimen examined. C-608.
Fagales - Casuarinaceae	aff. Gymnostoma sp.¹ aff. Gymnostoma sp.¹ Johnson 1980 Specimens examined. C-262, 502, 777, dispersed cuticle 778, 779.
Fagales - Nothofagaceae	Nothofagus aff. alessandrii¹, Nothofagus cethanica n. sp., Nothofagus tasmanica¹, Nothofagus gunnii Nothofagus aff. alessandrii¹ Specimens examined. C-457, 665 Nothofagus cethanica n. sp. Hill 1984 Nothofagus tasmanica¹ Hill 1983 Specimen examined. C-288. Nothofagus gunnii Oersted 1873
Fagales -	Nothofagidites deminutus¹, Nothofagidites spp.¹, Nothofagidites goniatus¹, Nothofagidites cf. brachyspinulosus¹, Nothofagidites flemingii¹, Nothofagidites asperus¹, Nothofagidites falcatus¹ Nothofagidites deminutus¹ Nothofagidites spp.¹ Potonié 1960 Nothofagidites emarcidus / Nothofagidites heterus Nothofagidites goniatus¹ Nothofagidites cf. brachyspinulosus¹ Harris 1965 Nothofagidites flemingii¹ Potonie 1960 Nothofagidites asperus¹ Cookson 1958 Nothofagidites falcatus¹ Hekel 1972
Laurales - Lauraceae	Laurophyllum sp.¹ Laurophyllum sp.¹ Göppert 1853 laurel Specimens examined. C-479, 628.
Poales - Restionaceae	Milfordia hypolaenoides¹ Milfordia hypolaenoides¹
Mesangiosperms - Liliaceae	Liliacidites sp.¹ Liliacidites sp.¹ Couper 1953
Caryophyllales - Droseraceae	Droseraceae indet.¹ Droseraceae indet.¹ Salisbury 1808
Escalloniales - Escalloniaceae	Quintinia psilatispora¹ Quintinia psilatispora¹
Santalales - Loranthaceae	Gothanipollis bassensis¹ Gothanipollis bassensis¹ Stover 1973 mistletoe
Gunnerales -	Tricolpites spp.¹, Tricolpites reticulatus¹ Tricolpites spp.¹ Couper 1953 Tricolpites reticulatus¹ Couper 1953
Proteales - Proteaceae	Proteaceae "incertae sedis"¹, Banksieaephyllum "sp. 4"¹, Banksieaephyllum "sp. 3"¹, Banksieaephyllum linearis n. sp.⁴, Banksieaephyllum orientalis n. sp.¹, Proteacidites spp.¹, Proteacidites reticulatus¹, cf. Proteacidites pseudomoides¹, Lomatia "sp. 3"¹, Lomatia fraxinifolia⁴, Lomatia xeromorpha n. sp.³, Telopea truncata⁴, Banksieaeformis "sp. 2"¹, ? Grevillea "sp. 2"¹, ? Grevillea "sp. 1"¹, "Proteaciphyllum integrifolium n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium⁴, "Proteaciphyllum microphyllum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium⁴, "Proteaciphyllum tridacnoides n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum tridacnoides⁴, "Proteaciphyllum rugulatum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum rugulatum⁴, "Proteaciphyllum lomatioides n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum lomatioides⁴, "Proteaciphyllum attenuatum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum attenuatum⁴, "Proteaciphyllum gevuininoides n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum gevuininoides⁴, "Proteaciphyllum linearis n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum linearis⁴, "Proteaciphyllum cethanicum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum cethanicum⁴, "Proteaciphyllum ornamentalis n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum ornamentalis⁴ Proteaceae "incertae sedis"¹ de Jussieu 1789 Banksieaephyllum "sp. 4"¹ Cookson and Duigan 1950 Specimens examined. C-443, 590, 630. Banksieaephyllum "sp. 3"¹ Cookson and Duigan 1950 Specimen examined. C-550. Banksieaephyllum linearis n. sp.⁴ Carpenter and Jordan 1997 Banksieaephyllum orientalis n. sp.¹ Carpenter and Jordan 1997 in Carpenter, 1991 Banksieaephyllum sp. 1 Proteacidites spp.¹ Cookson and Couper 1953 Proteacidites reticulatus¹ cf. Proteacidites pseudomoides¹ Stover 1973 Lomatia "sp. 3"¹ Brown 1810 Specimens examined. C-037 Lomatia fraxinifolia⁴ Specimens examined. C-495, 551, 556. Lomatia xeromorpha n. sp.³ Carpenter and Hill 1988 Telopea truncata⁴ Banksieaeformis "sp. 2"¹ Hill and Christophel 1988 Specimens examined. C-294, 315, 711. ? Grevillea "sp. 2"¹ Brown and Knight 1809 Specimen examined. C- 715. ? Grevillea "sp. 1"¹ Brown and Knight 1809 Specimen examined. C- 714. "Proteaciphyllum integrifolium n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum microphyllum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum tridacnoides n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum tridacnoides⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 in Carpenter, 1991 Lomatia sp. 4 "Proteaciphyllum rugulatum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum rugulatum⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum lomatioides n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum lomatioides⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 in Carpenter, 1991 Lomatia sp. 3 "Proteaciphyllum attenuatum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum attenuatum⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum gevuininoides n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum gevuininoides⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum linearis n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum linearis⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum cethanicum n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum cethanicum⁴ Jordan et al. 1998 "Proteaciphyllum ornamentalis n. sp." = Euproteaciphyllum ornamentalis⁴ Jordan et al. 1998
Buxales -	Polypodiidites sp.¹ Polypodiidites sp.¹ Potonié 1966
Dicotyledoneae
Ericales - Ericaceae	Ericipites scabratus¹, Ericipites crassiexinus¹ Ericipites scabratus¹ Harris 1965 heather Ericipites crassiexinus¹ Harris 1972 heather
Myrtales - Myrtaceae	Myrtaceae indet.¹ Myrtaceae indet.¹ de Jussieu 1789 myrtle Specimens examined. C-023, 029, 214, 306, 324, 350, 386, 393, 624, 716, 717, 718 and several others.
Myrtales -	Myrtaceidites mesonesus¹, Myrtaceidites parvus¹ Myrtaceidites mesonesus¹ Cookson and Pike 1954 Myrtaceidites parvus¹ Cookson and Pike 1960

Bennettitales -	Ptilophyllum muelleri⁸ Ptilophyllum muelleri⁸ Ettingshausen 1886
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae	Lagarostrobos sp.¹, Podocarpidites ostentatus¹, Podocarpidites spp.¹, Acmopyle glabra¹, Phyllocladus "sp. 1"¹, Phyllocladus "sp. 2"¹, Dacrydium "sp. 1"¹, Dacrydium "sp. 2"¹, Podosporites sensu lato parvisaccites¹, Podosporites microsaccatus¹, Dacrycarpus mucronatus⁶, Microcachryidites antarcticus¹, Phyllocladidites mawsonii¹, Podocarpus "sp. 1"¹, Podocarpus "sp. 2"¹, Dacrycarpites australiensis¹, Lygistepollenites florinii¹ Lagarostrobos sp.¹ Quinn 1982 podocarp Specimens examined. C-340, 540, 735. Podocarpidites ostentatus¹ podocarp Podocarpidites spp.¹ Cookson 1947 podocarp Acmopyle glabra¹ Hill and Carpenter 1991 podocarp Specimens examined. C-222, 226. Phyllocladus "sp. 1"¹ Richard and Mirbel 1825 podocarp Specimen examined. C-305. Phyllocladus "sp. 2"¹ Richard and Mirbel 1825 podocarp Specimen examined. C-352. Dacrydium "sp. 1"¹ Soland and Lambert 1807 podocarp Specimens examined. C-202, 471. Dacrydium "sp. 2"¹ Soland and Lambert 1807 podocarp Specimens examined. C-517, 519. Podosporites sensu lato parvisaccites¹ podocarp Podosporites microsaccatus¹ Dettmann 1963 podocarp Dacrycarpus mucronatus⁶ Wells and Hill 1989 podocarp in Carpenter, 1991 Dacrycarpus falcatus Microcachryidites antarcticus¹ Couper 1953 podocarp Phyllocladidites mawsonii¹ Cookson 1947 podocarp Podocarpus "sp. 1"¹ L'Heritier and Persoon 1807 podocarp Specimen examined. C-610. Podocarpus "sp. 2"¹ L'Heritier and Persoon 1807 podocarp Specimens examined. C-251, 274, 275, 342, 492. Dacrycarpites australiensis¹ Cookson and Pike 1953 podocarp Lygistepollenites florinii¹ Stover and Evans 1973 podocarp
Coniferales - Cupressaceae	Libocedrus morrisonii¹, Papuacedrus australis n. sp.⁵ Libocedrus morrisonii¹ Hill and Carpenter 1989 cypress Specimen examined. C-553. Papuacedrus australis n. sp.⁵ Hill and Carpenter 1989 cypress Specimens examined. C-225, 234, 259, 349
Granodiporites
-	Granodiporites nebulosus¹ Granodiporites nebulosus¹
Hymenophyllum
-	aff. Hymenophyllum sp.¹ aff. Hymenophyllum sp.¹ Smith 1793 Specimen examined. C-635.

¹Carpenter 1991; ²Carpenter and Buchanan 1993; ³Carpenter and Hill 1988; ⁴Carpenter and Jordan 1997; ⁵Hill and Carpenter 1989; ⁶Hill and Carpenter 1991; ⁷Hill et al. 2008; ⁸McLoughlin et al. 2011; ⁹Rozefelds et al. 1992